A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar

Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant Emerging Concern, represents potential risk for environment human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant source CBZ to environment, polluting whole water cycle. In this review, presence fate in urban cycle addressed, with focus on adsorption as possible solution its removal. Specifically, scientific literature removal by activated carbon substitute Biochar, is comprehensively scanned summed up, view increasing circularity treatments. onto biochar analyzed considering several aspects, such physicochemical characteristics adsorbents, operational conditions processes kinetics isotherms models. WWTPs usually show almost no (even negative), whereas witnessed drinking through advanced treatments >90%). Among these, considered preferable methods, being economical easier operate. Adsorption capacity influenced adsorbent precursors, pyrolysis temperature modification or activation processes. conditions, pH shows low influence process, has charge ranges. Differently, rotational speed favor CBZ. The other micro-contaminants organic matter decreases due competition effects. These results, however, concern mainly laboratory-scale studies, hence, full-scale investigations recommended take into account complexity real conditions.